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In this study, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 77 studies to examine the effect both organizational and newcomers¡¯ proactive strategy on socialization outcomes. Furthermore, we explore how time, cultural contexts and newcomer types influence the relative effectiveness of newcomers¡¯ proactivity over organizational socialization tactics. The results suggest that both organizational tactics and newcomers¡¯ proactivity have positive effects on socialization outcomes. The effect of organizational tactics is larger than the effect of newcomers¡¯ proactivity. However, we found that newcomers¡¯ proactivity becomes relatively important for socialization outcomes in more recent studies, in more collective countries, and for new graduates. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.

cgrace2@ceibs.edu